Some Selective Information for

Smithsonian Journeys:  French Polynesia (September 7-17, 2022)

 

Dr. Charlie Urbanowicz, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology

California State University, Chico / Chico, California 95929-0400

email:  csurbanowicz@gmail.com or curbanowicz@csuchico.edu

 

August 2022

 

This page printed from:

 

curbanowicz.yourweb.csuchico.edu/PaulGauguinSmithsonian2022.html

 

My wife, Sadie, and I were first in Tahiti in 1971 and this will be our fifth time on the Paul Gauguin. I first provided lectures on this wonderful ship in 2007 and most recently in June 2022. This page begins with some basic information and then a greatly expanded version of the one-page Reading List distributed for the September 2022 cruise (and is available at curbanowicz.yourweb.csuchico.edu/PaulGauguinReadingListSep2022.html). The expanded reading list below is divided into three sections:  Anthropology And The Pacific, Art References, and World War II.  

 

Motor Ship [m/s] Paul Gauguin = Built in 1997 and refurbished in 2012 with a capacity of 332 guests.  Dimensions:  504 feet (154 meters) x 71 feet (22 meters).  

Polynesia = Term for one of three areas of islands in the Pacific, formed by combining poly (many) and nisi (island).  The "Polynesian Triangle" is created by drawing imaginary lines connecting Hawai'i, Easter Island, and New Zealand.  Two other "traditional" divisions of Pacific islands are Melanesia (dark islands) and Micronesia (tiny islands).  

French Polynesia = Since 2004 an "Overseas Country" of the French Republic with an estimated July 6, 2022 population of 284,163. French Polynesians are citizens of France with their own elected president, currently Édouard Fritch (since September 2014), who is the head of the government.    

Tahiti = One of the "Society Islands" and so named by James Cook (1728-1779) who wrote "they lay contiguous to one another."  In 2020 the population of Tahiti was 183,645.  

Pape'ete = The Capital of French Polynesia, located on the island of Tahiti. The estimated 2022 population of Pape'ete was 26,925 but the "urban area" of Pape'ete (116 square miles) is estimated to be 136,771.  

French Polynesia is divided into five administrative subdivisions =  The Windward Islands and Leeward Islands are known as the Society Islands. Windward Islands are Tahiti, Mo'orea, Mehetia, Tetiaroa, and Maiao; Leeward Islands are Raiatea, Huahine, Taha'a, and Bora Bora.  The other three subdivisions are the Tuamotu-Gambier Islands (which includes Rangiroa and Fakarava), the Austral Islands, and the Marquesas Islands.    

French Polynesia Population note = When Sadie and I were first in Tahiti in 1971 the population of French Polynesia was 119,168. Our trips are the basis for the following figures for French Polynesia:  181,400 (1980), 266,329 (2004), 259,596 (2007), 280,026 (2014), 282,703 (2015) and the above mentioned 284,163 for 2022.  

Approximate population/square miles of =  Tahiti (183,645/403), Huahine (6,075/29), Fakarava (1,637/6.18), Rangiroa (2,709/31), Taha'a (5,234/35), Bora Bora (10,549/11), and Mo'orea (17,818/52).  

Destination notes = Huahine consists of two mountainous areas, Huahine-nui ("greater Huahine") and Huahine-iti ("lesser Huahine").  David Stanley writes that Huahine was so-named "because, when viewed from the sea it had the shape of a woman who was reclining."  Pouvanaa a Oopa (1895-1977), a World War I veteran, was born on Huahine and a monument to him is outside the Territorial Assembly in Pape'ete.  Rangiroa atoll is so large that the island of Tahiti could fit within its lagoon.  Pomare I (c.1743-1803) came from  Fakarava, the second largest atoll in the Tuamotu group. Bora Bora was described by Michener (1907-1997) as "so stunning, that there are really no adequate words to describe it."  The French introduced vanilla to Taha'a in 1848 and it is now known as the "vanilla island."  Mo'orea is viewed as a "bedroom community" for those who commute by the Aremeti Ferry eleven miles to Pape'ete.  The University of California, Berkeley, has a research station on Mo'orea at Cook's Bay (named for the English navigator even though Cook was never in that bay but actually anchored in the adjacent 'Opunohu Bay in 1769.  

Mana, Toa, and Tohunga = Terms used to describe (and perhaps understand and interpret) Polynesian cultures:  mana, or supernatural power based on birthright; toa, skill as a warrior; and tohunga, an individual who excels in a certain craft, such as canoe building.  In Tahiti, the ari'i were chiefs who traced their descent from the gods and had great mana.  Below them were the lesser chiefs, or ra'atira, and then the commoners or manahune who were the majority of the population.  

Marae Arahuraru = Located on Tahiti and restored in 1954.  A marae is a sacred place indicating the rank and genealogy of its owner and clan.  Maraes throughout French Polynesia could be constructed along the coast or inland and could be dedicated to a specific deity.  

 

  SOME INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH FRENCH POLYNESIA    

Charles R. Darwin (1809-1882) = "At daylight, Tahiti, an island which must forever remain classical to the voyagers in the South Seas, was in view." 1839, The Voyage of the Beagle, page 348.      

Samuel Wallis (1728-1795) = English navigator who was in Tahiti in 1767.  He claimed it for England and named Tahiti "King George the Third's Island."  

Louis de Bougainville (1729-1811) =  French navigator in Tahiti in 1768 who claimed it for France.  He named it Nouvelle-Cythère after the Greek island Cythera where the goddess of love, Aphrodite, came from the sea; the rationale for the title of Anne Salmond's 2009 Aphrodite's Island:  The European Discovery of Tahiti.  

Jeanne Baré (1740-1807) = The first woman to circumnavigate the globe.  Disguised as an assistant to the naturalist on Bougainville's expedition, her gender was discovered by Tahitians.  

James Cook (1728-1779) = English navigator in Tahiti in 1769, 1774, and 1777.  He was killed in Hawai'i in 1779.  

William Bligh (1754-1817) = Sailing Master on Cook's third (and final) voyage. Bligh was captain of HMAV Bounty and the famous mutiny occurred after the Bounty left Tahiti in April 1789.  

Domingo de Bonechea (1713-1775) = Spanish navigator in Tahiti in 1772 and again in 1775. He was attempting to claim Tahiti for Spain when he died in Tahiti in 1775.    

David Porter (1780-1843) = American Naval Captain who annexed the island of Nuku Hiva in the Marquesas in 1813.  The United States Congress, however, never ratified the claim.  

Abel Aubert Dupetit-Thours (1793-1864) = French Admiral who established a Protectorate over Tahiti in 1842.  Earlier that year he claimed the Marquesas Islands for France.  

Pomare I (c.1743-1803) = Founder of the "Pomare Dynasty" and first to be recognized by many as unifying some of the islands into a single "Kingdom" in 1782.  

Pomare V (1839-1891) = Last king of Tahiti (1877-1880) who ceded "Tahiti and its dependencies" to France in 1880.  Huahine, however, did not become a French Protectorate until 1888.    

Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) = French artist who lived in French Polynesia over the years 1891-1893 and again from 1895 until his death in the Marquesas in 1903. Here are his translated words on his 1897 masterpiece: D'où venons-nous / Que sommes-nous / Où allons-nous (Where do we come from / What are we / Where are we going) = "They will say it is careless, unfinished.  It is true that one is not a good judge of one's own work, nevertheless I believe that this canvas not only surpasses all my previous work, but I will never do anything better or even like it."  

Charles B. Nordhoff (1887-1947) and James Normal Hall (1887-1951) =  American World War I pilots who moved to Tahiti and married Tahitian women.  They collaborated on eleven books, perhaps the most famous being the Bounty trilogy:  Mutiny on the Bounty (1932), Men Against the Sea (1933), and Pitcairn's Island (1934).  On Tahiti, in Arue, one can visit the James Norman Hall Museum.    

James Michener (1907-1997) = American author who was in the United States Navy and served in the Pacific in World War II.  In 1947 Michener published Tales of the South Pacific and in 1948 he won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.  On Bora Bora, at "Bloody Mary's" restaurant, you can see his name (along with others) that have been to this iconic establishment.    

Marlon Brando (1924-2004) = American actor who portrayed Fletcher Christian in the 1962 Mutiny on the Bounty movie.  After the movie was finished, Brando purchased the atoll of Teti'aroa (33 miles north of Tahiti).  A luxury resort called "The Brando" opened in 2014 and has 35 villas and their web site has the following words of Marlon Brando:  "Tetiaroa is beautiful beyond my capacity to describe.  One could say that Tetiaroa is the tincture of the South Seas." Their website also states that in 2022 "The Brando" was noted as a Five Star Recommended Hotel in Forbes Travel Guide and Fodor's Travel 2022 recognized "The Brando" as among "The Best Hotels in Australia & Oceania."  

 

MISCELLANEOUS FACTS    

"To hail Europeans as discoverers of the Pacific Islands is ungracious as well as inaccurate.  While they were still moving around in their small, landlocked Mediterranean Sea or hugging the Atlantic shores of Europe and Africa, Pacific Islanders were voyaging hundreds of open-sea miles in their canoes and populating most of the Pacific's far-flung islands."  Douglas L. Oliver, 1989, The Pacific Islands, page 19.  

London Missionary Society = Established in 1795.  Inspired by the published accounts of Pacific navigators in 1797 the LMS established the first mission in Tahiti. In the area of Matavai Bay, one can visit Point Venus and see a monument to the missionaries as well as a monument to Cook and Bligh.    

"The name 'Tahiti' - or as Bougainville first wrote it in 1768, 'Taiti,' and Cook in 1769, 'Otaheite' - was the name the natives gave their island and which Europeans came to apply to the indigenes. If the Tahitians had a name specifically identifying themselves, it is not known. What is known is that all of those living in the Society Archipelago, including Tahiti, referred to themselves as 'Maohi.'" Edwin N. Ferndon, 1991, Tahiti. In Terrence E. Hays [Editor], Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume II Oceania  (Boston: G. K. Hall & Co.), pages 305-307, page 305.    

Background = "…between 1840 and 1900, the Western powers of Great Britain, France, Germany, and the United States gained political control over Oceania."  John W. Henderson et al., 1971, Area Handbook for Oceania (Washington, D.C.). page 11.  

Operation Bobcat = On February 17, 1942, 4,400 troops and supplies reached Bora Bora to construct the first wartime "Advance Base" for ships crossing the Pacific.  This was the first United States Navy-United States Army effort of World War II. The base officially closed on June 2, 1946.  

"The main purpose of the base at Bora Bora was to provide a tank farm for supplying fuel to Allied shipping during their long journeys across the South pacific. Also a small seaplane base would be built, harbor installations with unloading facilities constructed and coastal defenses installed." Thomas J. Larson & Alex W. du Peel, 2004, Bora Bora History and G.I.'s in Paradise: The Bobcat Project World war II story of the G.I.'s in Bora Bora (Pape'ete: Édition Pacific Promotion Tahiti S.A.), page 27.  

 

  STATEMENTS PERTAINING TO THE PACIFIC    

"I wish I could tell you about the South Pacific. The way it actually was. The endless ocean. The infinite specks of coral we called islands. Coconut palms nodding gracefully toward the ocean.  Reefs upon which waves broke into spray, and inner lagoons lovely beyond description." James A. Michener, 1946, Tales of the South Pacific (Fawcett Crest Books), page 9.  

"If it would take a lifetime to visit all the shores and islands of the Pacific, one sometimes feels it would take nine lives to master fully the vast literature of the deep. All that the explorer can do is to mark some positions and take some soundings.... [all stress added]." Oskar Hermann Khristian Spate, 1979, The Spanish Lake (University of Minnesota Press), page x.  

"Balboa found it, Magellan [1480-1521] named it, but for any young boy taken with tales of the South Seas--like the young Charles Wilkes [1798-1877]--the central figure had to be James Cook."  Nathaniel Philbrick, 2003, Sea of Glory:  America's Voyage of Discovery, The U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842, page 3.  

"Pacific adventurers also showed an unfortunate tendency toward abbreviated careers. Vasco Núñez de Balboa [1475-1519], the first European to sight the ocean, in 1513, was beheaded for treason. Magellan set off in 1519 with five ships and 237 men; only one ship and eighteen men made it home three years later, and Magellan was not present, having been speared in the Philippines. Francis Drake [~1540-1596] the first English circumnavigator, died at sea of dysentery. Vitus Bering [1681-1741], sailng for the czar, perished from exposure after shipwrecking near the frigid sea now named for him; at the last, Bering lay half-buried in sand, to keep warm, while Arctic foxes gnawed at his sick and dying men. Other explorers simply vanished. Or went mad [stress added]." Tony Horwitz, 2002, Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before (NY: Henry Holt And Company), page 14.  

"Over the years the romance of the legendary South Seas has been elaborated by a succession of famous writers who came in search of Bougainville's 'Nouvelle Cythere' or Rousseau's [1712-1778] 'noble savage.' Brought to the stage or silver screen, their stories entered the popular imagination alongside Gauguin's  rich images." David Stanley, 1989, South Pacific Handbook, page 59.    

"...the French navigator, Louis de Bougainville, who visited Tahiti in April 1768, a year before Cook, compared the Tahitians to Greek gods. 'I never saw men better made, and whose limbs were more proportionate: in order to paint Hercules or a Mars, one could nowhere find such beautiful models.'" Bernard Smith, 1960, European Vision And the South Pacific 1768-1850: A Study In The History Of Art And Ideas, page 25.    

Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (7 June 1848 - 8 May 1903) = "…son of an emigré Republican journalist [Clovis Gauguin and Alina Maria Chazal]; grew up in Lima (Peru), then in Orléans and Paris.  1865-1871 went to sea.  1871-1883 worked as a stockbroker in Paris, painting in his spare time.  1873 married a Danish woman, Mette Gad; the couple had five children.  1874 met Pissarro and other Impressionists and studied at the Académie Colarossi.  1876 exhibited for the first time at The Salon" [bold in original].  Ingo F. Walther [Editor], Impressionist Art 1860-1920 (Köln:  Taschen), page 663.    

"Camille Pissarro [1831-1903] was the oldest, the most capable of dullness, and yet, next to Monet, the most influential of all the Impressionists.  His influence was partly due to his seniority; by 1873 he was already over forty and had attained a degree of maturity and accomplishment, whereas his friend Monet, ten years younger, was not yet fully expressing his varied range.  But qualities other than age made Pissarro capable of being, at different times, the mentor of Gauguin, Van Gogh [1853-1890] and Cézanne [1839-1906], who said of him, 'He is a man worth consulting and something like God Himself.'"  Phoebe Pool, 1967, Impressionism (London:  Thames And Hudson), page 37.      

   

In 1882 Gauguin wrote to Camille Pissaro (1830-1903) = "I cannot resign myself to spending the rest of my life in finance and as an amateur painter.  I have got it into my head that I shall become a painter as soon as I can discern a less obscured horizon and that I shall be able to earn my living by it."    

 

Translated words from Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals = "I have been good sometimes; I do not congratulate myself because of it.  I have been evil often; I do not repent it." Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals, 1936, Translated by Van Wyck Brooks (NY:  Crown Publishers), page 240.

   

 

A NOTE on all of the references below: if a name appears below, such as "Lawrence Bergree, 2003" in bold, this means that it is one of the references on the one-page Reading List distributed for the September 2022 cruise (and is available at curbanowicz.yourweb.csuchico.edu/PaulGauguinReadingListSep2022.html).        

   

 

ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE PACIFIC:

 

Robert Aldrich, 1990, The French Presence in the South Pacific 1842-1890 (Honolulu:  University of Hawai'i Press).

 

Caroline Alexander, 2003, The Bounty:  The True Story of the Mutiny of the Mutiny on the Bounty (NY:  Viking).

 

Mark Anderson, 2012, The Day The World Discovered The Sun (Da Capo).

 

Samuel Bawlf, 2003, The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake 1577-1589 (Penguin).

 

Lawrence Bergreen, 2003, Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe (William Morrow & Company).

 

Stephen H. Brown, 2003, Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner, and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail (NY: St. Martin's Press). [Self-evident from title.] [This item, combined with Sobel 1995, provides excellent background for the problems of the navigators of the times.]

 

Bengt Danielsson and Marie-Therese Danielsson, 1977, Moruroa Mon Amour:  The French Nuclear Tests in the Pacific [originally published in 1974] (Penguin).

 

Charles Darwin, 1839, The Voyage of the Beagle. [Numerous editions published since 1839.]

 

Janet Davidson, 2019, The Cook Voyages Encounters:  The Cook Voyages Collections of Te Papa (Wellington, New Zealand:  Te Papa Press).

 

Joan Druett, 2011, Tupaia: The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Polynesian Navigator (New Zealand:  Random House).

 

Edwin N. Ferdon, 1981, Early Tahiti: As The Explorers Saw It 1767-1797 (University of Arizona Press)).

 

Tony Horowitz, 2002, Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Before (NY: Henry Holt and Company).

 

Ian Hoskins, 2021, Australia & the Pacific:  A history (University of New South Wales Press Ltd).

 

K.R. Howe, 2003, The Quest For Origins:  Who First Discovered And Settled New Zealand And the Pacific Islands (Pnguin).

 

K.R. Howe [Editor], 2006, Vaka Moana:  Voyages of the Ancestors (University of Hawai'i Press).

 

Patrick Vinton Kirch, 2000, On The Road Of The Winds:  An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands Before European Contact (University of California Press).

 

Gavin Menzies, 2002, 1421: The Year China Discovered America (Transworld Publishers).  [Self-evident from title and a fascinating and controversial book!]

 

James A. Michener, 1947, Tales of the South Pacific (Macmillan Edition). [Pulitzer Prize winner in 1948.]

James A. Michener and A. Grove Day, 1957, Rascals in Paradise (NY: Random House).

Peter Moore, 2018, Endeavour:  The Ship and the Attitude that Changed the World (London:  Chatto & Windus).

Alan Moorehead, 1966, The Fatal Impact: An Account of the Invasion of the South Pacific 1767-1840 (Penguin).

 

Colin Newbury, 1980, Tahiti Nui:  Change And Survival In French Polynesia 1767-1945 (Honolulu:  University of Hawai'i Press).

 

Nathaniel Philbrick, 2003, Sea of Glory:  America's Voyage Of Discovery, The U.S. Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 (NY:  Viking, The Penguin Group).

 

Jean-Louis Saquet, 2007, The Tahiti Handbook:  te fenua [Translated by Nancy and Dominique Benard] (Singapore:  Saik Wah Press PTE LTD).

Dana Sobel, 1995, Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time (NY: Penguin Books). [Self-evident from title.] [This item, combined with Brown 2003, provides excellent background for the problems of the navigators of the times.]

 

Andrea Wulf, 2012, Chasing Venus:  The Race To Measure The Heavens (Penguin Random House).

 

ART REFERENCES:  

 

Kathleen Adler & Tamar Garb [Editors], 1986, The Correspondence of Berthe Morisot with her family and her friends, MANET, PUVIS de CHAVANNES, DEGAS, MONET, RENOIR AND MALLARME (London:  Camden Press).

 

Klaus Berger, 1992, Japonisme in Western Painting from Whistler to Matisse [Translated by David Britt and first published in 1980 as Japonismus in der westlichen Maleri 1860-1920], (Cambridge University Press).

 

David Boyle, 2001, Impressionist Art:  A Crash Course (New York:  Watson-Guptill Publications).  

 

Richard Bretell et al., 1988, The Art of Paul Gauguin (Washington:  The National Gallery of Art).

 

Francois Cachin, 1983, et al., Manet: 1832-1883 (NY:  The Metropolitan Museum of Art).

 

Francois Cachin, 1992, Gauguin:  The Quest For Paradise [originally published in 1989, translated from the French by I. Mark Paris] (NY:  Harry N. Abrams).

 

Pierre Courthion, 1977, Impressionism [translated by John Shepley] (NY:  Harry N. Abrams, Inc.).

 

Bengt Danielsson, 1966, Gauguin In The South Seas (NY:  Doubleday & Company, Inc.).

 

Nienke Denenkamp, 2019, The Gauguin Atlas [translated by Laura Watkinson and first published in 2018 as de grote Gauguin atlas], Yale University Press).

 

Bernard Denvir [Editor], 1987, The Impressionists At First Hand (New York:  Thames and Hudson.Ltd/London).

 

Bernard Denvir, 1992, Gauguin:  Letters From Brittany And The South Seas (NY:  Clarkson Potter/Publishers).

 

Anne Distil et al., 1995, Gustave Caillebotte:  Urban Impressionist (The Art Institute of Chicago).

 

Jack Flam, 1995, Matisse On Art (University of California Press).

 

Paul Gauguin, 1897 [1901], Noa Noa (Translated from the French by P.F. Theis) (NY: The Noonday Press, 1951). [Gauguin's published journal of his initial stay in Tahiti, 1891-1893.]

 

Pola Gauguin, 1937,  My Father Paul Gauguin (NY: 1988 Hacker Books edition).

 

Robert Goldwater, 1983, Gauguin (NY:  Harry N. Abrams, Inc.).

 

Suzanne Greub [Editor], 2011, Gauguin Polynesia (Wemding, Germany:  Firmengruppe Appl, aprinta druck GmbH).

 

Anne Higonnet, 1990, Berthe Morisot (Harper & Row).

 

Leo Janse, 2009 [Editor], Vincent Van Gogh: The Letters - The Complete Illustrated and Annotated Edition (London: Thames & Hudson, in association with the Van Gogh Museum and the Huygens Institute), Six Volumes. FASCINATING NOTE:  These six volumes are all available on the web at: http://vangoghletters.org/vg/.

 

Martha Kapos [Editor], 1995, The Impressionists And Their Legacy (New York: Barnes & Noble Books).

 

Ann Kay, 2020, Berthe Morisot:  Masterpiees Of Art (Flame Tree Publishing, Fulham, London, United Kingdom).

 

Horst Keller, 1982, The Great Book of French Impressionism [translated by Alexis Brown from the 1975 Die Kunst franzsischen Impressionisten] (NY:  Greenwich House).

 

Richard Kendall, 1996, Degas:  Beyond Impressionism (London:  National Gallery Publications).

 

Ulf Kster, 2014, Gustave Courbet (Ostildern, Germany:  Hatje Cantz Verlag).

 

Michael Laclotte et al. 1986, Orsay Paintings (Editions Scala, Paris, France).

 

Paule Laudon, 2001, Matisse In Tahiti [translated from the 1999 French edition by Michael Taylor] (Paris, France:  Vilo International 2001). 

 

Camille Laurens, 2017, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen:  The True Story Behind Degas's Masterpiece [translated from the French by Willard Wood and originally published in French as La petite danseuse de quartorzeans], New York:  Other Press).

 

Heather Lemonedes, Belinda Thomson, and Agnieszka Juszczak, 2009, Paul Gauguin:  Paris, 1889 (Ostildern, Germany:  Hatje Cantz Verlag).

 

Judy Le Paul [with the collaboration of Charles-Guy Le Paul], 1987, Gauguin And The Impressionists At Pont-Aven [translated from the 1983 L'impressionnisme dans l'ˇcole de Pont-Aven] (NY:  Abbeville Press publishers).

 

Neil Macgregor and Erika Langsmuir, 1986, Treasures of the National Gallery:  London (New York/London:  Abbeville Press Publishers).

 

Margaret F. MacDonald, 2020, The Woman in White:  Joanna Hifferman and James McNeill Whistler (Yale University Press).

 

Giuseppe Marchiori, 1968, Gauguin:  The Life and work of the artist illustrated with 80 colour plates (New York:  Thames and Hudson.Ltd/London).

 

Charles Moffett et al. [Director and Coordinator], 1986, The New Painting: Impressionism 1874-1886 (San Francisco, CA:  The Fine Arts Museums).

 

Sylvie Patin, 1993, Monet:  The Ultimate Impressionist [translated from the French by Anthony Roberts] (New York:  Thames and Hudson.Ltd/London).

 

Camille Pissaro, 1972, Camille Pissaro:  Letters to his son Lucien (NY:  P.P. Appel, Mamaroneck, NY)

Martha Prater and Charles F. Stuckey [Editors], 1987, Gauguin: A Retrospective (New York:  Park Lane).

 

Rosalind de Boland Roberts, 1987, Growing Up With The Impressionists:  The Diary of Julie Manet (London:  Sotheby's Publications).

Denis Rouart [Editor], 1957, Berthe Morison:  The Correspondence with her family and her friends, MANET, PUVIS de CHAVANNES, DEGAS, MONET, RENOIR AND MALLARME (Mt. Kisco, New York:  1987 Moyer Bell Edition).

John Russell [and the Editors of Time-Life Books], 1969, The World Of Matisse 1869-1954 (New York:  Time-Life Books).

 

George T.M. Shackleford, n.d., Where Do We Come From?  What Are We?  Where Are We Going?  (Boston:  Museum of Fine Arts Publication).

 

George T.M. Shackelford and Claire Fr¸ches-Tory, 2004, Gauguin Tahiti (Boston:  Museum of Fine Arts Publication).

 

Hilary Spurling, 2005, Matisse The Master:  A Life Of Henri Matisse (NY:  Alfred A. Knopf).

 

David Sweetman, 1995, Paul Gauguin: A Life (Simon & Schuster).

 

Belinda Thomson, 1987, Gauguin (New York:  Thames and Hudson.Ltd/London).

 

Belinda Thomson [Editor], 2010, Gauguin:  Maker of Myth (Tate Publishing, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC).

 

Eric M. Zafran [Editor], 2001, Gauguin's Nirvana: Painters At Le Pouldu 1889-90 (Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Arts, Hartford, CT).

 

 

WORLD WAR II:

 

Graham Allison, 2017, Destined For War:  Can America And China Escape Thucydides's Trap?  (Boston:  Houghton Mifflin Harcourt).

 

Jules Archer, 1973, The Plot to Seize the White House (NY:  Hawthorn Books.  NOTE:  in 2007 a paperback version was published by Skyhorse Publishing Inc., New York City).

 

Michael Arnold, 2015, Hollow Heroes:  An Unvarnished Look at the Wartime Careers of Churchill, Montgomery, and Mountbatten (Philadelphia & Oxford: Casement)

 

Neil Baldwin, 2001, Henry Ford And The Jews: The Mass Production of Hate (New York:  Public Affairs).

 

David Dean Barrett, 2020, 140 Days To Hiroshima:  The Story of Japan's Last Chance To Avert Armageddon (New York:  Diversion Books).

 

John Baxter, 2014, Disney During World War II:  How The Walt Disney Studio Contributed Ro Victory In The War (New York:  Disney Editions).

 

Judith A. Bennett and Angela Wanhalla [Editors], 2016, Mothers' Darlings of the South Pacific: The Children of Indigenous Women And U.S. Servicemen, World War II (University of Hawai'i Press).

 

Eric M. Bergerud, 2000, Fire In The Sky: The Air War in the South Pacific (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press).

 

Walter R. Borneman, 2012, The Admirals:  Nimitz, Halsey, Leahy, and King--The Five-Star Admirals Who Won the War at Sea (NY:  Little, Brown and Company).

 

James Campbell, 2007, The Ghost Mountain Boys: Their Epic March and the Terrifying Battle for New Guinea--The Forgotten War of the South Pacific (NY: Crown Publishers).

 

Thomas N. Carmichael, 1971, The Ninety Days:  Five battles That Changed The World October 1942 - January 1943 [Guadalcanal, El Alamein, Operation Torch, Stalingrad, The Barents Sea] (Old Saybrook, CT:  Konecky & Konecky).

 

Iris Chang, 1997, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust Of World War II (Penguin Books). [Self-evident from title.] 

 

Brian B. Chin, 1994, Artillery At The Golden Gate: The Harbor Defenses of San Francisco in World War II (Missoula. Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc.).

 

John Clancy, 2015, The Most Dangerous Moment of the War:  Japan's Attack on the Indian Ocean, 1942 (Oxford & Philadelphia: Casement uk).

 

Gordon Corrigan, 2006, Blood, Sweat and Arrogance and the myths of Churchill's War (Great Britain:  Weidenfeld & Nicolson).

 

John Crawford [Editor], 2000, Kia Kaha:  New Zealand in the Second World War (Oxford University Press).

 

Roald Dahl, 1986, Going Solo (Jonathan Cape).

 

Donald De Nevi, 1998, The West Coast Goes To War (Missoula. Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, Inc.).

 

Hoito Edoin, 1987, The Night Tokyo Burned: The Incendiary Campaign Against Japan, March-August 1945 (NY: St. Martin's Press).

 

Mitsuo Fuchida and Masatake Okumiya, 1955, Midway:  The Japanese Navy's Story of the Battle That Doomed Japan (Ballantine Books).

 

Paul Fussell, 1988, Thank God For The Atomic Bomb And Other Essays (Simon & Schuster).

 

Margaret Geddes, 2004, Blood, Sweat and Tears:  Australia's WWII remembered by the men and women who lived it (Penguin).

 

Stuart D. Goldman, 2012, Nomonhan, 1939:  The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II (Annapolis, Maryland:  Naval Institute Press).

 

Dan Hampton, 2020, Operation Vengeance:  The Astonishing Aerial Ambush That Changed World War II (NY:  HarperCollins Publishers).

 

Max Hastings, 1979, Bomber Command: The Myths and Realuty of the Strategic Bombing Offensice1939-45 (NY:  The Dial Press).

 

Philip Henshall, 2000, The Nuclear Axis:  Germany, Japan And The Atomic Bomb Race 1939-45 (United Kingdom: Sutton Publishing Limited - Phoenix Hill).

 

James D. Hornfischer, 2011, Neptune's Inferno:  The U.S. Navy At Guadalcanal (NY:  Bantam Books).

 

Edwin P. Hoyt, 1982, Guadalcanal: The Desperate Struggle That Turned The Tide of the War.

 

Charles Higham, 1983, Trading With The Enemy:  An Expose of The Nazi-American Money Plot 1933-1949 (NY:  Delacorte Press).

 

Charles Higham, 1985, American Swastika: The SHocking Story of Nazi Collaborators in Our Midst from 1933 to the Present Day (NY:  Doubleday & Co., Inc.).

 

William Bradford Huie, 1944, Can Do!  The Story of the Seabees (NY:  E.P. Dutton & Company, Inc.)

 

Saburo Ienaga, 1978, The Pacific War, 1931-1945: A Critical Perspective on Japan's Role in World War II  [originally published in Japanese in 1968 as IWANAMI SHOTEN] (NY: Random House).

 

Louis Kaufman, Barbara Fitzgerald, and Tom Swell,  1974, Moe Berg:  Athlete, Scholar, Spy (Boston: Little, Brown)

 

Paul Kennedy, 2013, Engineers Of Victory:  The Problem Solvers Who Turned The Tide In The Second World War (New York:  Random House).

 

Kenneth K. Koskodan, 2009, No Greater Ally:  The Untold Story of Polish Forces in World War II. (NY:  Osprey)

 

Katherine Sharp Landdeck, 2020, The Women With Silver Wings:  The Inspiring True Story of the Women Airforce Service Pilots of World War II (NY:  Crown).

 

Nathaniel Lande, 2017, Spinning History:  Politics and Propaganda in World War II (New York City:  Skyhorse Publishing).

 

Erik Larson, 2020, The Splendid And The Vile:  A Saga Of Churchill, Family, And Defiance During The Blitz (New York:  Crown).

 

Thomas J. Larson & Alex W. du Peel, 2004, Bora Bora History and G.I.'s in Paradise: The Bobcat Project World war II story of the G.I.'s in Bora Bora (Pape'ete: Edition Pacific Promotion Tahiti S.A.)

 

Ted Lawson, 1943, Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo.

 

Curtis E. LeMay and Bill Yenne, 1988, Superfortress: The Story of the B-29 and American Air Power (NY: Berkley Books).

 

Douglas Lockwood, 1967, Australia's Pearl Harbor:  Darwin 1942 (Sydney:  New Holland Publishers).

 

Keith Lowe, 2017, The Fear And The Freedom:  How The Second World War Changed Us  (NY:  St. Martin's Press).

 

Keith Lowe, 2020, Prisoners of History:  What Monuments to World War II Tell Us About Our History and Ourselves (NY:  St. Martin's Press).

 

Ben Macintyre, 2010, Operation Mincemeat:  How A Dead Man And A Bizarre Plan Fooled The Nazis And Assured Allied Victory (NY: Broadway Books).

 

William Manchester, 1979, Goodbye Darkness: A Memoir of the Pacific War (Boston:  Little, Brown and Company).

 

Mary Jo McConahay, 2018, The Tango War: The Struggle For The Hearts, Minds And Riches of Latin America During World War II (NY: St. Martin's Press).

 

David McCormack, 2016, Japan At War 1931-1945:  As The Cherry Blossom Falls (CPI Group, UK:  Fonthill).

Allan R. Millett and Julian Thompson, 2012, WWII In 100 Objects: The Story of the World's Greatest Conflict Told Through the Objects That Shaped it (NY:  Metro Books).

Pankaj Mishra, 2012, From The Ruins of Empire:  The Revolt Against The West And The Remaking of Asia (NY:  Farrar, Straus And Giroux).

Ewen Montagu, 1953, The Man Who Never Was (Penguin).

Liza Mundy, 2017, Code Girls:  The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II (New York:  Hachette Books).

Norman Ohler, 2017, Blitzed:  Drugs in the Third Reich [translated by Shaun Whiteside from the 2015 German publication] (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt).

Lynne Olson and Stanley Cloud, 2004, A Question of Honor:  The Kosciuszko:  Forgotten Heroes of World War II.

Bill O'Reilly, 2017, The Day The World Went Nuclear:  Dropping The Atom Bomb And the End Of World War II In The Pacific (New York: Henry Holt and Company).

 

Richard Overy, 2021, Blood And Ruins:  The Last Imperial War, 1931-1945 (Viking/Penguin).

 

Francis Pike, 2015, Hirohito's War:  The Pacific War 1941-1945 (London:  Bloomsbury).   NOTE:  This 1,110 page volume does not have any maps, appendices, or a bibliography; all of these items, and more, are only available on the web at: http://www.francispike.org/

 

John Prados, 2012, Islands Of Destiny:  The Solomon Campaign And The Eclipse Of The Rising Sun (NY:  Penguin).

Gordon W. Prange [with Donald M. Goldstein & Katherine V. Dillon], 1982, Miracle At Midway.

Gordon W. Prange [with Donald M. Goldstein & Katherine V. Dillon], 1990, God's Samurai:  Lead Pilot At Pearl Harbor (Washington:  Brassey's (US), Inc.)

David Robie, 2005, Eyes of Fire:  The Last Voyage of the Rainbow Warrior [revised fourth edition] (Auckland:  Asia Pacific Network.

Arthur Shaw (with Robert L. Wise),  2020, 82 Days on Okinawa:  One American's Unforgettable Firsthand Account of the Pacific War's Greatest Battle  (William Morrow).

 

William L. Shirer, 1940, Berlin Diary.

 

William L. Shirer, 1960, The Rise And Fall Of The Third Reich:  A History of Nazi Germany.

 

Craig Shirley, 2011, December 1941: 31 Days That Changed America And Saved the World (Nashville, TN:  Thomas Nelson).

 

Craig Shirley, 2022, April 1945:  The Hinge of History (Nashville, TN:  Nelson Books).

 

Bradley F. Smith, 1993, The Ultra-Magic Deals And the Most Secret Special Relationship, 1940-1946 (Novato, CA: Presidio Press).

Michael Sturma, 2015, Freemantle's Submarines:  How Allied Submariners and Western Australians Helped to Win the War in the Pacific (Annapolis, Maryland:  Naval Institute Press).

Chuck Thompson, 2002, The 25 Best World War II Sites: Pacific Theater (San Francisco: Greenline Publications).

 

Peter Thompson and Robert Macklin, 2000, The Battle of Brisbane:  Australians and the Yanks at War (Sydney: ABC Books).

 

Peter Thompson, 2008, Pacific Fury:  How Australia And Her Allies Defeated The Japanese (South Australia:  Griffin Press). [Self-evident from title!]

 

Charles F. Urbanowicz, 2015, http://curbanowicz.yourweb.csuchico.edu/FORUMWWII2015.html [World War II, 1931-1945: Words, Images, And Locations. For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum at CSU, Chico, September 3.] [IMPORTANT NOTE: Because of a University migration to "yourweb" since this page was created, ALL of the internal images in this page are not viewable; BUT, the video that was made of the presentation is still available at https://media.csuchico.edu/media/WORLD+WAR+II%2C+1931-1945A++Locations%2C+Images%2C+and+Words/0_8k46sng7 (50:29)].

 

Charles F. Urbanowicz, 2022, https://curbanowicz.yourweb.csuchico.edu/FORUMFeb2022.html [South Pacific Changes: 1970-2022! For the CSU Chico Anthropology Forum at CSU Chico, February 24, 2022.] The video that was made of the presentation is available at} https://media.csuchico.edu/media/South+Pacific+ChangesA+1970-2022/1_fhtdnb8b/66947092

 

Lawrence Verria and George Galdorisi, 2013, The Kissing Sailor:  The Mystery Behind the Photo That Ended World War II (Annapolis, MD:  Naval Institute Press).

 

Paul D. Walker, 2003, Truman's Dilemma:  Invasion or The Bomb (Gretna, LA:  Pelican Publishing Company).

Chris Wallace (with Mitch Weiss), 2020, The 116 Days That Changed the World  (New York:  Avid Reader Press).

Max Wallace, 2003, The American Axis:  Henry Ford, Charles Lindberg, and the Rise of The Third Reich (NY: St. Martin's Press).

 

Robert K. Wilcox, 2019, Japan's Secret War:  How Japan's Race to Build Its Own Atomic Bomb Provided the Groundwork for North Korea's Nuclear Program, Third Revised and Update Edition (New York/Nashville:  Permuted Press, LLC). [Convincing argument that Japan test-fired a nuclear device on the Korean peninsula on August 10, 1945, prior to the surrender ceremony of the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945.]

 

Bill Yenne, 2016, Panic on the Pacific:  How America Prepared for a West Coast Invasion (Washington, DC:  Regnery History).

 

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