I. INTRODUCTION: FIELDWORK IN 1970 & 1971
II. INITIAL INTERESTS: ETHNOHISTORY
III. COULD NOT ESCAPE "TOURISM" IN TONGA (OR THE WORLD)
IV. RESEARCH SHIFTS: INTO "GAMING & DARWIN"
V. THIRTY YEARS OF INTERESTS AND TEMPORARY CONCLUSIONS
VI. THE CHANGING NATURE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN THE PACIFIC

I. INTRODUCTION: FIELDWORK IN 1970 & 1971: Received B.A. in Sociology/Anthropology (1967) from Western Washington University (Bellingham) and began Graduate Work at the University of Oregon (Eugene) in 1967. Went to the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga in 1970 for fieldwork (combined with archival research in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States) and Ph.D. awarded in 1972. Taught at the University of Minnesota (1972-1973) and came to CSU, Chico in August 1973 (where I have been ever since, both as an administrator [1975-1988] and full-time teaching faculty member).

"The Kingdom of Tonga lies in the heart of fable Polynesia, approximately 550 miles southwest of Samoa and 450 miles southeast of Fiji [and approximately 3200 miles southwest of the islands of Hawai'i]. ... Formerly a British protectorate, Tonga achieved independence in 1970 and entered the British Commonwealth of Nations that year. ... Tourism in one form or another has existed in Tonga since the mid 1960s. ... Tonga continues to be a nation of small landholders. ... Tongans have become the victims of their own tourism. ... Deep-seated economic problems induced by a growing indigenous and tourist population have almost engulfed the tiny islands of Tonga. ... It should be clear from this reading that I am not overwhelmingly escatic about Tourism in Tonga or impressed with the impact of tourism as a world-wide phenomenon. Tourism has been with us as long as people have had excess time to travel and, too, excess funds to expend on travelling to locations distant from home. ... Travelling is an escape to the carefree times of childhood when someone else had to do the worrying for us, and travelling is here to stay [as long as the economy can sustain it!]." Charles F. Urbanowicz, 1989, Tourism In Tonga Revisited: Continued Troubled Times? In Valene Smith (Editor), 1989, Hosts And Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (Second Edition), pages 105-117. 

II. INITIAL INTERESTS: ETHNOHISTORY: Please See below.

III. COULD NOT ESCAPE "TOURISM" IN TONGA (OR THE WORLD): Please See below and interests in Hawai'i tourism (and other parts of the world).

IV. RESEARCH SHIFTS: INTO "GAMING & DARWIN"

V. THIRTY YEARS OF INTERESTS AND TEMPORARY CONCLUSIONS

1970a Mother Nature, Father Culture. (For the 28th Annual Meeting of the Oregon Academy of Science, Eugene, February 28.)

1970b Polynesian Ethnohistory for the Kingdom of Tonga: Part I. (For the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Northwest Anthropological Conference, Corvallis, Oregon, March 26.)

1971 Tongan Culture: From the 20th Century to the 19th Century. (For the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York, NY, November 19-21.)

1972a Tongan Culture: The Methodology of an Ethnographic Reconstruction. Copyrighted Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; also available from Ann Arbor, University Microfilms 73-7972). [In The Meriam Library at GN/671/T5/U7/1972a]

1972b Polynesian Ethnohistory for the Kingdom of Tonga: Part II. (For the 25th Annual Meeting of the Northwest Anthropological Conference, Portland, Oregon, March 23-25.)

1972c Tongan Social Structure: Data From An Ethnographic Reconstruction. (For the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Toronto, Canada, November 29-December 3.

1973 Tongan Adoption Before The Constitution of 1875. Ethnohistory, Vol. 20, No. 2: 109-123.

1975a Change in Rank and Status in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. Psychological Anthropology, edited by T. R. Williams (Mouton), pp..559-75 [identical to 1979a]. 

1975b Drinking in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. Ethnohistory, Vol. 22, No. 1: 33-50.

1976a John Thomas, Tongans, and Tonga! The Tonga Chronicle (Nuku'alofa, Tonga), Vol. 13, No. 7: 7.

1976b Cultures: Fact or Fiction? (For the Anthropology House Forum known as "El Mundo" on November 11.)

1977a Integrating Tourism With Other Industries in Tonga. The Social and Economic Impact of Tourism on Pacific Communities, edited by B. H. Farrell (Center for South Pacific Studies, UC Santa Cruz), pp. 88-94. 

1977b Tourism in Tonga: Troubled Times. Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, edited by V. Smith (University of Pennsylvania), pp. 83-92.

1977c Motives and Methods: Missionaries in Tonga in the Early 19th Century. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 86, No. 2: 245-263.

1977d Evolution of Technological Civilizations: What is Evolution,Technology, and Civilization? (For the Symposium on "The Search For Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence at NASA/Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California, February 24-25.)

1978a Brève note sur l'inflation, le tourisme et le Pétrole au Royaume polynésien des Iles Tonga. Journal de la Sociétédes Océanistes, Vol. 36, No. 60:137-138. 

1978b Review of A Polynesian Village: The Process of Change In the Village of Hoi, Tonga (1977) by P. Tupouniua. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 87, No. 3: 288-289.

1979a Change in Rank and Status in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga. Political Anthropology: The State of the Art, edited by S. L. Seaton and J. M. Claessen (Mouton: The Hague), pp. 225-242 [identical to 1975a].

1979b Comments on Tongan Commerce, With Reference to Tourism and Traditional Life. Pacific Viewpoint, Vol. 20, No. 2: 179-184. 

1981a Review of The Nobility and the Chiefly Tradition in the Modern Kingdom of Tonga (1980) by G.E. Marcus. Pacific Studies, Vol. 5, No. 114-116. 

1981b Pacific Women: Some Polynesian Examples. Discussion Paper 81-1 in Discussion Paper Series (College of Behavioral and Social Sciences, CSU, Chico).

1988a The Potential of the Pacific: Some Suggestions from California State University, Chico. (For the 1988 Annual Meeting of The Pacific Telecommunications Council, Honolulu, Hawai'i, February 15-19.) 

1988b Review of Early Tonga as the Explorers Saw It: 1616-1810 (1987) by E. N. Ferdon. The American Anthropologist, Vol. 90, No. 4: 1021.

1989a Tourism in Tonga Revisited: Continued Troubled Times? Hosts And Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, edited by V. Smith, 2nd Edition (University of Pennsylvania), pp. 105-117. 

1989b Satellites: The Global Village and Tele-Education. Space 30: A Thirty Year Overview of Space Applications and Exploration, edited by Pelton et. al (Alexandria, VA), pp. 90-105.

1989 The Islands of Hawai'i: 750A.D. to 1989. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, September 21.)

1990a Perspectives on Science Fiction and Science Fact. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, March 8.)

1990b Charles R. Darwin: My Life and My Times. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, October 4.)

1991a Another Look at Tourism With Regards to Tonga. Hosts and Guests, edited by V. Smith (Tokyo: Keisó Shobo), pp. 147-164 [Japanese Translation of 1989a].

1991b Tonga. Encyclopedia of World Cultures, edited by D. Levinson (Boston: Hall-Macmillan), pp. 336-339.

1991c [with C. Louis Nevins] Extra-Terrestrial Education: Not Science Fiction at All. (For the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C., February 14-19).

1991d Information Technology for the Pacific Basin. (For the Meeting of the 17th Pacific Science Congress, Honolulu, Hawai'i, May 27-June 2.)  

1991e Prelude to Pearl Harbor: Operation Hawai'i. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, December 5.)

1993a Charles R. Darwin: (1809-1882). (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, February 11.)

1993b Peoples & Cultures of the Pacific: Okeania est omnis divisa in partes tres. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, September 30).

199c3 Charles R. Darwin: Happy 116th Anniversary! (For the 92nd Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C., November 17-21.)

1994 Review of Islanders of the South: Production, Kinship and Ideology in the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga (1993) by Paul Van Der Grijp (translated by Peter Mason). Ethnos (Stocklhom), Vol. 59, No. 3- 4: 276-278.

1996 Gambling or Gaming: Which Is It? (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, April 11.)

1996a Urbanowicz on Darwin. The Chico Anthropological Society Papers, Number 16, pages 55-114.

1996b To Gamble, Or Not To Gamble? Is There A Question? (For the Chico Breakfast Lions Club Meeting, Chico, California, December 10.)

1996c An Anthropologist looks At The Geography of Gaming. (For the Meeting of the Northern California Geographical Society, December 8.)

1997a When Does It End? Urbanowicz & "Gaming" (Again!). (For the Northern California Geographical Society, November 9.)  

1997b "Darwin Continues To Evolve: Urbanowicz On Darwin (Again!)." (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, September 11.) 

1997c Charles Darwin: Reflections - Part One: The Beginning, Seventeen Minute Instructional Videotape: Reflections: Part One, Produced by Ms. Donna Crowe: Instructional Media Center, CSU, Chico) [available via the Internet with a REAL PLAYER].

1998a Twenty-Five/Twenty-Five, or, Hindsight Is Always Somewhat "Perfect" (But Perhaps We Can Invent The Future!) Invited Speaker for the Professional Development Committee Meeting of PAUSE'98 (with the theme of "Guess Who's Coming To College In The Millennium?), Clear Lake, California (January 8-9).

1998b Folklore Concerning Charles Darwin. For the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Anthropological Society and The California Folklore Society, Sacramento, CA (April 16-18).

1998c Gambling (Gaming) In The United States of America From An Anthropological Perspective. Presented at the 14th ICAES [International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences] Meetings on the Anthropology of Tourism for the 1998 Congress held at Williamsburg, Virginia, July 29-August 2, 1998. (Prior to the paper, assisted Dr. Valene Smith, Professor Emerita in theDepartment of Anthropology, CSU, Chico, with programming a five-day Symposium for the 14th ICAES. The overall Congress theme was "The 21st Century: The Century Of Anthropology.")  

1998d Proposition 5 And Native American Gaming Issues. (For the CSU, Chico Anthropology Forum, October 8.)

1999a Charles Darwin: - Part One: The Voyage, ~Twenty-two Minute Instructional Videotape (Produced by Ms. Donna Crowe: Instructional Media Center, CSU, Chico) [which may be viewedvia the Internet with a REAL PLAYER].  

1999b The Gamble of Gaming: Where Does It Go From Here? (For the AAUW [American Association of University Women] Meeting in Chico, California, March 19.)

2000a Twenty-First Century Education Materials: You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet! (For the "Leadership Chico -- Education Day" in Chico, California, March 15).

2000b Computers And Technology Into The Twenty-First Century: You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet (Again). (For the City of Chico Fire Department Workshop, Chico, California, May 5.)

2000c Charlie on Darwin (For the 26 October 2000 CELT [Center for Excellence in Learning and Teaching]/Anthropology Forum Presentation at California State University, Chico (http://www.csuchico.edu/~curban/CELTFall2000ConfSubm.html).

2000d Teaching As Theatre: Some Classroom Ideas, Specifically Those Concerning Charles R. Darwin (1809-1882) for the 99th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco, California (November 15-19, 2000).

2000e Review of Unto Others: The Evolution And Psychology of Unselfish Behavior by Elliott Sober and David Sloan Wilson (1999 Harvard University Press Paperback edition) for Dr. Christian Perring, Book Review Editor for Metapyschology--Mental Health Net . [And please see http://mentalhelp.net/mhn/bookstore/db.cgi?db=books&uid=default&Title=Unto+Others&Author=&ISBN=&mh=10&keyword=&view_records=++Search+Now++

2000f Mnemonics, Quotations, Cartoons, And A Notebook: "Tricks" For Appreciating Cultural Diversity Strategies in Teaching Anthropology, Patricia Rice & David W. McCurdy, Editors (NJ: Prentice Hall), pages 132-140.

2000g Review of The War Of Dreams: Studies in Ethno Fiction (1999) by Marc Augé (translated by Liz Herron). Anthropology And Humanism (Published by the Society for Humanistic Anthropology), December 2000.

in press Gambling Into The 21st Century. The Anthropology Of Tourism: Hosts And Guests in the 20th Century, 3rd edition, Valene Smith, Editor (NY: Cognizant Communication Corp.)

VI. THE CHANGING NATURE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN THE PACIFIC:

http://sunsite.anu.edu.au/spin/wwwvl-pacific/index.html [a "massive" Pacific Site]
http://pidp.ewc.hawaii.edu/pireport/[Pacific Islands Report [up-to-the-date news]
http://166.122.161.83/[Pacific Islands Development Program]
http://www.netstorage.com/kami/tonga/[The Kingdom of Tonga in Cyberspace]
http://www.tongaonline.com/news/ [The Tonga Chronicle]
http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/PNG/WWWVL-PNG.html [Papua NG WWW]
http://www.govt.nz/ [New Zealand Government On-Line]
http://www.pim.com.fj/ [Pacific Islands Monthly (PIM)]
http://www.pacificMagazine.com/ [Pacific Magazine]
http://starbulletin.com/ [Honolulu Star-Bulletin]
http://www.abc.net.au/news/ [ABC News (Australia)]
http://www.press.co.nz/ [The Press On-Line (New Zealand)]
http://sunsite.anu.edu.au/region/spin/GENINFO/ciaindex.htm [As well as The Central Intelligence Agency]

ALSO SEE "Anthropology On The Internet: A Review And Evaluation Of Networked Resources" by Brian Schwimmer, 1996, Current Anthropology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pages 561-568; also see a hypertext version of this paper, with linkable URLs at: http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~anthro/ca/papers/schwimmer/intro.html